This page contains the references from my M.S. final report.
References for my preprint for the 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology,
which is derived from my M.S. final report, are colored green.




BIBLIOGRAPHY

Aubagnac, J. P. and D. S. Zrnic, 1995: Identification and quantification of hydrometeors in a supercell storm using radar polarimetry. Proc. 27th Conf. Radar Meteor., Vail, CO, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 105-107.

Aydin, K. and Y. Zhao, 1990: A computational study of polarimetric radar observables in hail. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, 28(4), 412-422.

Aydin, K., T. A. Seliga, and V. N. Bringi, 1984: Differential radar scattering properties of model hail and mixed phase hydrometeors. Radio Sci., 19(1), 58-66.

Aydin, K., Y. Zhao, and T. A. Seliga, 1990: A differential reflectivity radar hail measurement technique: Observations during the Denver hailstorm of 13 June 1984. J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech., 7, 104-113.

Balakrishnan, N. and D. S. Zrnic, 1990: Use of polarization to characterize precipitation and discriminate large hail. J. Atmos. Sci., 47(13), 1525-1540.

Barnes, S. L., 1964: A technique for maximizing details in numerical weather map analysis. J. Appl. Meteor., 3, 396-409.

Battan, L. J., 1953: Observations on the formation and spread of precipitation in convective clouds. J. Meteor., 10(5), 311-324.

Battan, L. J., 1963: Relationship between cloud base and initial radar echo. J. Appl. Meteor., 2, 333-336.

Beard, K. V., 1992: Ice initiation in warm-base convective clouds: An assessment of microphysical mechanisms. Atmos. Res., 28, 125-152.

Beard, K. V. and A. R. Jameson, 1983: Raindrop canting. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 448-454.

Beard, K. V. and H. T. Ochs III, 1993: Warm-rain initiation: An overview of microphysical mechanisms. J. Appl. Meteor., 32, 608-625.

Beard, K. V., D. B. Johnson, and D. Baumgardner, 1986: Aircraft observations of large raindrops in warm, shallow, convective clouds. Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 991-994.

Blanchard, D. C., 1957: The supercooling, freezing, and melting of giant waterdrops at terminal velocity in air. Artificial Stimulation of Rain, Proc. 1st Conf. on the Physics of Cloud and Precip. Particles. Pergamon, New York, pp. 233-249.

Bluestein, H. B. and C. R. Parks, 1983: A synoptic and photographic climatology of low-precipitation severe thunderstorms in the Southern Plains. Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 2034-2046.

Bluestein, H. B. and G. R. Woodall, 1990: Doppler-radar analysis of a low-precipitation severe storm. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 1640-1664.

Blyth, A. M., 1993: Entrainment in cumulus clouds. J. Appl. Meteor., 32, 626-641.

Blyth, A. M. and J. Latham, 1993: Development of ice and precipitation in New Mexican summertime cumulus clouds. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 119, 91-120.

Braham, R. R. Jr., 1958: Cumulus cloud precipitation as revealed by radar--Arizona 1955. J. Meteor., 15, 75-83.

Braham, R. R. Jr., 1964: What is the role of ice in Summer rain-showers? J. Atmos. Sci., 21, 640-645.

Braham, R. R. Jr., 1986a: The cloud physics of weather modification. Part I: Scientific basis. Wld. Meteor. Org. Bull., 35, 215-222.

Braham, R. R. Jr., 1986b: Coalescence-freezing precipitation mechanism. Proc. 10th Conf. Wea. Mod., Arlington, VA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 142-145.

Braham, R. R. Jr. and M. J. Dungey, 1978: A study of urban effects on radar first echoes. J. Appl. Meteor., 17, 644-654.

Brandes, E. A., J. Vivekanandan, J. D. Tuttle, and C. J. Kessinger, 1995: A study of thunderstorm microphysics with multiparameter radar and aircraft observations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 3129-3143.

Breed, D. W., 1995: Glaciation in the convective core of a Florida thunderstorm. Proc. Conf. Cloud Physics, Dallas, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 188-189.

Bringi, V. N., T. A. Seliga, and K. Aydin, 1984a: Hail detection with a differential reflectivity radar. Science, 225, 1145-1147.

Bringi, V. N., T. A. Seliga, and W. A. Cooper, 1984b: Analysis of aircraft hydrometeor spectra and differential reflectivity (Zdr) radar measurements during the Cooperative Convective Precipitation Experiment. Radio Sci., 19(1), 157-167.

Bringi, V. N., R. M. Rasmussen, and J. Vivekanandan, 1986a: Multiparameter radar measurements in Colorado convective storms. Part I: Graupel melting studies. J. Atmos. Sci., 43(22), 2545-2563.

Bringi, V. N., J. Vivekanandan, and J. D. Tuttle, 1986b: Multiparameter radar measurements in Colorado convective storms. Part II: Hail detection studies. J. Atmos. Sci., 43(22), 2564-2577.

Bringi, V. N., D. A. Burrows, and S. M. Menon, 1991: Multiparameter radar and aircraft study of raindrop spectral evolution in warm-based clouds. J Appl. Meteor., 30, 853-880.

Bringi, V. N., K. Knupp, and L. Liu, 1995: Microphysical and kinematic study of early-to-mature cloud transition using multiparameter radar, dual-Doppler synthesis and aircraft penetrations. Proc. Conf. Cloud Physics, Dallas, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 267-271.

Bringi, V. N., L. Liu, P. C. Kennedy, V. Chandrasekar, and S. A. Rutledge, 1996: Dual multiparameter radar observations of intense convective storms: The 24 June 1992 case study. Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 59, 3-31.

Browning, K. A., 1964: Airflow and precipitation trajectories within severe local storms which travel to the right of the winds. J. Atmos. Sci., 21, 634-639.

Browning, K. A. and G. B. Foote, 1976: Airflow and hail growth in supercell storms and some implications for hail suppression. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 102, 499-533.

Burgess, D. W. and R. P. Davies-Jones, 1979: Unusual tornadic storms in Eastern Oklahoma on 5 December 1975. Mon. Wea. Rev., 107, 451-457.

Byers, H. R. and L. J. Battan, 1949: Some effects of vertical wind shear on thunderstorm structure. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 30(5), 168-175.

Carbone, R. E. and L. D. Nelson, 1978: The evolution of raindrop spectra in warm-based convective storms as observed and numerically modeled. J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 2302-2314.

Caylor, I. J. and A. J. Illingworth, 1987: Radar observations and modeling of warm rain initiation. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 113, 1171-1191.

Chandrasekar, V., W. A. Cooper, and V. N. Bringi, 1988: Axis ratios and oscillations of raindrops. J. Atmos. Sci., 45(8), 1323-1333.

Clark, R. A., 1960: A study of convective precipitation as revealed by radar observation, Texas 1958-59. J. Meteor., 17, 415-425.

Clark, T. L., T. Hauf, and J. P. Kuettner, 1986: Convectively forced internal gravity waves: Results from two-dimensional numerical experiments. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 112, 899-925.

Conway, J. W. and D. S. Zrnic, 1993: A study of embryo production and hail growth using dual-Doppler and multiparameter radars. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121(9), 2511-2528.

Cotton, W. R. and R. A. Anthes, 1989: Storm and Cloud Dynamics. International Geophysical Series, Vol. 44, Academic Press, 883 pp.

CRC, 1987: CRC Standard Mathematical Tables. 28th ed. W. H. Beyer, Ed., CRC Press, 674 pp.

Davies-Jones, R. D., D. W. Burgess, and L. R. Lemon, 1976: An atypical tornado-producing cumulonimbus. Weather, 31, 336-347.

Davies-Jones, R., D. Burgess, and M. Foster, 1990: Test of helicity as a tornado forecast parameter. Proc. 16th Conf. Severe Local Storms, Kananaskis Park, Alberta, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 588-592.

Doswell, C. A. III and F. Caracena, 1988: Derivative estimation from marginally sampled vector point functions. J. Atmos. Sci., 45(2), 242-253.

Doswell, C. A. III and D. W. Burgess, 1993: Tornadoes and tornadic storms: A review of conceptual models. The Tornado: Its Structure, Dynamics, Prediction, and Hazards, Geophys. Mono. 79, Amer. Geophys. Union, Washington, D.C., 161-172.

Doviak, R. J. and D. S. Zrnic, 1993: Doppler Radar and Weather Observations. 2nd Ed. Academic Press, Inc., 562 pp.

Foote, G. B. and H. W. Frank, 1983: Case study of a hailstorm in Colorado. Part III: Airflow from triple-Doppler measurements. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 686-707.

Gal-Chen, T., 1982: Errors in fixed and moving frames of references: Applications for conventional and Doppler radar analysis. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 2279-2300.

Geotis, S. G., 1971: Thunderstorm water contents and rain fluxes deduced from radar. J. Appl. Meteor., 10, 1233-1237.

Green, A. W., 1975: An approximation for the shapes of large raindrops. J. Appl. Meteor., 14, 1578-1583.

Hall, M. P. M, J. W. F. Goddard, and S. M. Cherry, 1984: Identification of hydrometeors and other targets by dual-polarization radar. Radio Sci., 19(1), 132-140.

Herzegh, P. H. and R. E. Carbone, 1984: The influence of antenna illumination function characteristics on differential reflectivity measurements. Proc. 22nd Conf. Radar Meteor., Zurich, Switzerland, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 281-286.

Herzegh, P. and A. R. Jameson, 1992: Observing precipitation through dual-polarization radar measurements. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 73(9), 1365-1374.

Heymsfield, A. J., 1978: The characteristics of graupel particles in Northeastern Colorado cumulus congestus clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 284-295.

Heymsfield, A. J., P. N. Johnson, and J. E. Dye, 1978: Observations of moist adiabatic ascent in northeast Colorado cumulus congestus clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 1689-1703.

Heymsfield, G. M., 1976: Statistical objective analysis of dual-Doppler radar data from a tornadic storm. J. Appl. Meteor., 15, 59-68.

Hondl, K. D. and M. D. Eilts, 1994: Doppler radar signatures of developing thunderstorms and their potential to indicate the onset of cloud-to-ground lightning. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 1818-1836.

Hubbert, J. and V. N. Bringi, 1995: An iterative filtering technique for the analysis of copolar differential phase and dual-frequency radar measurements. J. Atmos. Oceanic. Tech., 12, 643-648.

Husson, D. and Y. Pointin, 1989: Quantitative estimation of the hailfall intensity with a dual polarization radar and a hailpad network. Proc. 24th Conf. Radar Meteor., Tallahassee, FL, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 318-321.

Illingworth, A. J., 1988: The formation of rain in convective clouds. Nature, 336, 754-756.

Illingworth, A. J., J. W. F. Goddard, and S. M. Cherry, 1986: Detection of hail by dual-polarization radar. Nature, 320, 431-433.

Illingworth, A. J., J. W. F. Goddard, and S. M. Cherry, 1987: Polarization radar studies of precipitation development in convective storms. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 113, 469-489.

Jameson, A. R., 1983: Microphysical interpretation of multi-parameter radar measurements in rain. Part I: Interpretation of polarization measurements and estimation of raindrop shapes. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 1792-1802.

Jameson, A. R., 1985: Microphysical interpretation of multiparameter radar measurements in rain. Part III: Interpretation and measurement of propagation differential phase shift between orthogonal linear polarizations. J. Atmos. Sci., 42(6), 607-614.

Jameson, A. R., M. J. Murphy, and E. P. Krider, 1996: Multiple-parameter radar observations of isolated Florida thunderstorms during the onset of electrification. J. Appl. Meteor., 35, 343-354.

Jayaweera, K. O. L. F. and B. J. Mason, 1966: The falling motions of loaded cylinders and discs simulating snow crystals. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 92, 151-156.

Johnson, D. B., 1980: The influence of cloud-base temperature and pressure on droplet concentration. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2079-2085.

Johnson, D. B., 1987: On the relative efficiency of coalescence and riming. J. Atmos. Sci., 44(13), 1671-1680.

Keller, V. W. and R. I. Sax, 1981: Microphysical development of a pulsating cumulus tower: a case study. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 107, 679-697.

Kennedy, P. C., V. N. Bringi, S. Bolen, and S. A. Rutledge, 1995: An examination of dual polarization signatures associated with confirmed occurrences of large hail. Proc. 27th Conf. Radar Meteor., Vail, CO, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 41-43.

Kitchen, M. and S. J. Caughey, 1981: Tethered-balloon observations of the structure of small cumulus clouds. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 107, 853-874.

Knight, C. A. and N. C. Knight, 1970: The falling behavior of hailstones. J. Atmos. Sci., 27, 672-681.

Knight, C. A. and L. J. Miller, 1993: First radar echoes from cumulus clouds. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 74(2), 179-188.

Knight, N. C., 1981: The climatology of hailstone embryos. J. Appl. Meteor., 20, 750-755.

Knight, N. C., 1986: Hailstone shape factor and its relation to radar interpretation of hail. J. Clim. Appl. Meteor., 25, 1956-1958.

Koenig, L. R., 1963: The glaciating behavior of small cumulonimbus clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 20, 29-47.

Komabayasi, M., T. Gonda, and K. Isono, 1964: Lifetime of water drops before breaking and size distribution of fragment droplets. J. Meteor. Soc. Jpn., 42, 330-340.

Krauss, T. W. and J. D. Marwitz, 1984: Precipitation processes within an Alberta supercell hailstorm. J. Atmos. Sci., 41(6), 1025-1034.

Lemon, L. R. and C. A. Doswell III, 1979: Severe thunderstorm evolution and mesocyclone structure as related to tornadogenesis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 107, 1184-1197.

Ludlam, F. H., 1952: The production of showers by the growth of ice particles. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 78, 543-553.

Malkus, J. S., 1952: Recent advances in the study of convective clouds and their interaction with the environment. Tellus, 4(2), 71-87.

Marshall, J. S. and W. McK. Palmer, 1948: The distribution of raindrops with size. J. Meteor., 5, 165-166.

Meischner, P. F., V. N. Bringi, D. Heimann, and H. Höller, 1991: A squall line in Southern Germany: Kinematics and precipitation formation as deduced by advanced polarimetric and Doppler radar measurements. Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 678-701.

Metcalf, J. I., 1995: Radar observations of changing orientations of hydrometeors in thunderstorms. J. Appl. Meteor., 34, 757-772.

Miller, L. J., J. D. Tuttle, and C. A. Knight, 1988: Airflow and hail growth in a severe Northern High Plains supercell. J. Atmos. Sci., 45(4), 736-762.

Miller, L. J, J. D. Tuttle, and G. B. Foote, 1990: Precipitation production in a large Montana hailstorm: Airflow and particle growth trajectories. J. Atmos. Sci., 47(13), 1619-1646.

Moller, A. R., C. A. Doswell III, and R. Przybylinski, 1990: High-precipitation supercells: A conceptual model and documentation. Proc. 16th Conf. Severe Local Storms, Kananaskis Park, Alberta, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 52-57.

Mossop, S. C., 1985a: The origin and concentration of ice crystals in clouds. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 66(3), 264-273.

Mossop, S. C., 1985b: Microphysical properties of supercooled cumulus clouds in which an ice particle multiplication process operated. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 111, 183-198.

Mossop, S. C., R. E. Ruskin, and K. J. Heffernan, 1968: Glaciation of a cumulus at approximately -4C. J. Atmos. Sci., 25, 889-899.

National Climatic Data Center, 1993: Storm Data, Vol. 35(9), Asheville, NC.

Nelson, S. P., 1983: The influence of storm flow structure on hail growth. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 1965-1983.

Pauley, P. M. and X. Wu, 1990: The theoretical, discrete, and actual response of the Barnes objective analysis scheme for one- and two-dimensional fields. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 1145-1163.

Pruppacher, H. R. and K. V. Beard, 1970: A wind tunnel investigation of the internal circulations and shape of water drops falling at terminal velocity in air. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 96, 247-256.

Pruppacher, H. R. and J. D. Klett, 1978: Microphysics of Clouds and Precipitation. D. Reidel, Dordrecht, Holland, 714 pp.

Ramachandran, R., A. Detwiler, J. Helson Jr., and P. L. Smith, 1996: Precipitation development and electrification in Florida thunderstorm cells during Convection and Precipitation/Electrification Project. J. Geophys. Res., 101(D1), 1599-1619.

Ramond, D., 1978: Pressure perturbations in deep convection: An experimental study. J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 1704-1711.

Rangno, A. L. and P. V. Hobbs, 1988: Criteria for the onset of significant concentrations of ice particles in cumulus clouds. Atmos. Res., 22, 1-13.

Rasmussen, R. M. and A. J. Heymsfield, 1987: Melting and shedding of graupel and hail. Part III: Investigation of the role of shed drops as hail embryos in the 1 August CCOPE severe storm. J. Atmos. Sci., 44(19), 2783-2803.

Rasmussen, R. M., V. Levizzani, and H. R. Pruppacher, 1984: A wind tunnel and theoretical study on the melting behavior of atmospheric ice particles: III. Experiment and theory for spherical ice particles of radius > 500 m. J. Atmos. Sci., 41(3), 381-388.

Rauber, R. M., K. V. Beard, and B. M. Andrews, 1991: A mechanism for giant raindrop formation in warm, shallow convective clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 48(15), 1791-1797.

Rinehart, R. E., 1991: Radar for Meteorologists. Knight Printing Company, Fargo, North Dakota, 334 pp.

Roesner, S., A. I. Flossmann, and H. R. Pruppacher, 1990: The effect on the evolution of the drop spectrum in clouds of the preconditioning of air by successive convective elements. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 116, 1389-1403.

Rogers, R. R. and M. K. Yau, 1989: A Short Course in Cloud Physics. 3rd ed. Pergamon Press, 293 pp.

Rotunno, R., 1981: On the evolution of thunderstorm rotation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 109, 577-586.

Sachidananda, M. and D. S. Zrnic, 1987: Rain rate estimates from differential polarization measurements. J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech., 4(4), 588-598.

Scorer, R. S. and F. H. Ludlam, 1953: Bubble theory of penetrative convection. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 79, 94-103.

Shapiro, A., K. K. Droegemeier, S. Lazarus, and S. Weygandt, 1995: Forward variational four-dimensional data assimilation and prediction experiments using a storm-scale numerical model. Proc. Int. Symp. on Assimilation of Obs. in Meteor. and Ocean., Tokyo, Japan, WMO, 361-366.

Smith, P. L., A. G. Detwiler, D. J. Musil, and R. Ramachandran, 1995: Observations of mixed-phase precipitation within a CaPE thunderstorm. Proc. Conf. Cloud Physics, Dallas, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 8-13.

Squires, P., 1958a: The microstructure and colloidal stability of warm clouds: Part I -- The relation between structure and stability. Tellus, 10, 256-261.

Squires, P., 1958b: The microstructure and colloidal stability of warm clouds: Part II -- The causes of the variations in microstructure. Tellus, 10, 262-271.

Tuttle, J. D., 1993: Multiparameter radar observations of developing turrets in a high plains storm. Proc. 26th Int. Conf. Radar Meteor., Norman, OK, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 516-518.

Tuttle, J. D., V. N. Bringi, H. D. Orville, and F. J. Kopp, 1989: Multiparameter radar study of a microburst: Comparison with model results. J. Atmos. Sci., 46(5), 601-620.

Twomey, S., 1959: The nuclei of natural cloud formation, Part II: The supersaturation in natural clouds and the variation of cloud droplet concentration. Geofis. Pura Appl., 43, 243-249.

Ulbrich, C. W., 1983: Natural variations in the analytical form of the raindrop size distribution. J. Clim. Appl. Meteor., 22, 1764-1775.

Ulbrich, C. W., 1986: A review of the differential reflectivity technique of measuring rainfall. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, GE-24(6), 955-965.

Vasiloff, S. V., E. A. Brandes, and R. P. Davies-Jones, 1986: An investigation of the transition from multicell to supercell storms. J. Clim. Appl. Meteor., 25, 1022-1036.

Vivekanandan, J., V. N. Bringi, and R. Raghavan, 1990: Multiparameter radar modeling and observations of melting ice. J. Atmos. Sci., 47(5), 549-564.

Wakimoto, R. M. and V. N. Bringi, 1988: Dual-polarization observations of microbursts associated with intense convection: The 20 July storm during the MIST project. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 1521-1539.

Warner, J., 1969: The microstructure of cumulus cloud. Part I. General features of the droplet spectrum. J. Atmos. Sci., 26, 1049-1059.

Weisman, M. L. and J. B. Klemp, 1982: The dependence of numerically simulated convective storms on vertical wind shear and buoyancy. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 504-520.

Weisman, M. L. and J. B. Klemp, 1986: Characteristics of isolated convective storms. Mesoscale Meteorology and Forecasting. P. S. Ray, Ed., Amer. Meteor. Soc., Boston, 331-358.

Wilson, J. W. and W. E. Schreiber, 1986: Initiation of convective storms at radar-observed boundary-layer convergence lines. Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 2516-2536.

Young, K. C., 1993: Microphysical Processes in Clouds. Oxford University Press, 427 pp.

Zahrai, A. and D. S. Zrnic, 1993: The 10-cm-wavelength polarimetric weather radar at NOAA's National Severe Storms Laboratory. J. Atmos. Oceanic. Tech., 10(5), 649-662.

Zrnic, D. S. and A. Ryzhkov, 1996: Advantages of rain measurements using specific differential phase. J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech., 13, 454-464.

Zrnic, D. S., N. Balakrishnan, C. L. Ziegler, V. N. Bringi, K. Aydin, and T. Matejka, 1993a: Polarimetric signatures in the stratiform region of a mesoscale convective system. J. Appl. Meteor., 32(4), 678-693.

Zrnic, D. S., V. N. Bringi, N. Balakrishnan, K. Aydin, V. Chandrasekar, and J. Hubbert, 1993b: Polarimetric measurements in a severe hailstorm. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 2223-2238.



This reference is not in my masters thesis but is in
my preprint for the 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology.


Ziegler, C. L., 1988: Retrieval of thermal and microphysical variables in observed convective storms. Part II: Sensitivity of cloud processes to variation of the microphysical parameterization. J. Atmos. Sci., 45(6), 1072-1090.





|Home |